John Anthony West on the meaning of human existence



Many previous posts have discussed various aspects of John Anthony West's vitally important book,  Serpent in the Sky, which builds on the incredible work of R. A. Schwaller de Lubicz and on Schwaller's observation that the Sphinx showed signs of rainfall erosion -- indicating the incredible antiquity of its construction and completely undermining the conventional historical paradigm.  Some of those previous posts include "Mild but persistent torture,"  "The Pythagorean '3' in Egypt and Lao Tzu," and "The high science of ancient Egypt," among many others.

Above is a YouTube clip containing a 2008 program with John Anthony West on Red Ice Radio, in which he is interviewed by the remarkable Henrik Palmgren, and in which he explains in his own words many of the concepts underlying his work.  Listening to Mr. West's explanation in his own voice provides an excellent complement to reading his Serpent in the Sky text, and enables the listener to pick up on the central idea that animates and connects all the wide-ranging topics covered in the book.

That central idea, I believe, is put forward beginning at about 8:45 in the above video, in which Mr. West says:
And the doctrines are all basically the same -- I mean they take it as a premise, as a given, that we human beings are not accidental glitches in an accidental universe, but that rather we have a specific role to play, which is the acquisition of a level of consciousness that we are not born with, but that we have the potential to reach, and this is what in Egypt is called the "Doctrine of Immortality" and what in other civilizations is called Samadhi or Nirvana or whatever -- I mean, different names for it -- but basically it's the same doctrine: that we're here for a reason, and that if we don't pursue that path, then we do so at our peril.
Later in the interview, he points to Darwinism as the doctrine that leads to the opposite of this ancient belief, in that it teaches that there is not real purpose to human existence, and can thus lead to a pursuit of materialism and a neglect of the true goal of human existence, the acquisition of consciousness.

Thus, Mr. West argues that ancient Egypt is so important because its temples and monuments and art and hieroglyphs reveal a culture which was completely and single-mindedly focused on the acquisition of higher consciousness.  Even its common laborers, he argues, were immersed in the art of taking one material and bringing it to a higher level -- the essence of alchemy.

Further, he argues that Egypt is important because the demonstrably advanced level of its knowledge in its very earliest stages upends the typical anthropological timeline of the arrival of mankind that has been enforced in academia since Darwin.  The advanced knowledge inherent in some of the monuments of the earliest dynasties is enough to upend this conventional paradigm, but when the evidence for the far greater antiquity of the Sphinx is taken into account, the conventional framework must tumble down.

Thus ancient Egypt is also crucially important by virtue of its ability to defy the modern Darwin-based anthropological paradigm -- the materialist paradigm which has been used for over a hundred years to oppose the pursuit of "the acquisition of consciousness" that Mr. West describes in the quotation above.

This battle between the forces which oppose human consciousness (accidentally or deliberately, it does not much matter) and the imperative of every human being to pursue that "level of consciousness that we are not born with, but that we have the potential to reach" is the central theme of the above interview, I believe, and the central theme of John Anthony West's excellent and eye-opening book.

The entire interview is well worth studying, and can be downloaded for listening on a mobile device by members of the Red Ice Creations website (membership enables access to archived interviews, and to the second hour of all interviews as well -- from the Red Ice website these interviews can be downloaded to iTunes etc. for transfer to a portable music device).

Also, listening to this interview should make you want to participate in one of John Anthony West's actual tours of the sacred sites of Egypt itself, which he memorably describes in the interview as being something that cannot be appreciated merely by reading or seeing photographs or movies, but only in person, where the sacred and harmonic proportions of the monuments resonate with the cosmic proportions that manifest themselves in the human body.  Mr. West is leading another tour that departs New York City for Egypt on March 20, 2013 -- details can be found here on his website.

Of course, we can all pray that the violence currently wracking the country will have subsided by then, and that it does not escalate before it subsides.



The Cheltenham ghost





















Previous posts have discussed the pervasive belief in strict materialism that has taken hold of much of "western society" in the past hundred to one hundred fifty years (see for instance "The ideology of materialism," from June 13, 2012).  

This ideology is aggressively taught in schools and universities, and reinforced in "nature shows" and films and news stories from the conventionally-approved sources.  We are constantly told that strict materialism is "scientific," and that any doubts about the absolute truth of the materialistic dogma are "unscientific."  Those who question it can face professional criticism, censure, and ridicule. 

However, there is extensive evidence calling this materialist ideology into question, evidence which critical thinkers should at least consider before blindly accepting the conventional materialist teachings.  Some of this evidence has been discussed in previous posts, such as 
and  
This is an important subject with connections to many fields of inquiry which might at first seem unrelated to it.  

I personally believe that an adherence to a strict materialist dogma can lead to rejection of the evidence showing extremely advanced scientific knowledge in extremely early civilizations, because alternative historical paradigms involving "lost civilizations" with advanced knowledge threaten the Darwinist timelines that many materialists cling to like a lifeline.  Some examples from the massive pile evidence suggesting an extremely advanced lost ancient civilization are discussed in this and this previous post, although many more could be offered.

The materialist ideology, with its teaching that consciousness is a product of the material organs of the body and that consciousness cannot therefore exist apart from the body, can by this teaching stifle the pursuit of "higher consciousness."  If the materialist ideology is in fact wrong, than this stifling of consciousness among the masses of people who are beaten down with materialist propaganda is pernicious.  There is ample evidence that the ancients knew that consciousness can exist apart from the body and that they placed tremendous importance on this fact (see for example the line of discussion in the posts surrounding the possible "shamanic tradition in ancient Egypt").

Because he systematically and thoroughly examines various types of evidence that human consciousness can exist apart from the body, and in fact may well survive the death of the body (in contradiction to the strict materialist paradigm), the works of Chris Carter become all the more noteworthy in light of the discussion above.  I previously discussed his latest outstanding work, Science and the Afterlife Experience: Evidence for the Immortality of Consciousness, and provided a short description of one of the most memorable pieces of evidence in his book for the survival of consciousness (the full account in the book itself is even more memorable, and well worth reading at the source).

Another spine-tingling case study presented in Chris Carter's book (which again deserves to be read in full in the book itself, and is only briefly summarized here) is the case of the Cheltenham ghost.  This involved an apparition seen by numerous observers on numerous occasions in a large residential stone house in Cheltenham, England, between the years 1882 and 1889.  

In addition to the family members and visitors to the house who reported seeing the ghost (and the dogs which appeared to react with nervousness or fright at its appearance), the haunting was investigated by at least two members of England's Society for Psychical Research during the period of the sightings, including one described as "one of the SPR's most skeptical investigators," and they tried various tests to see if it could have been some kind of hoax or have some other non-supernatural explanation, but eventually rejected most of these possibilities.  

The apparition at the Cheltenham house was described as a tall woman in black.  The first to see her, Rosina Despard, was a member of the family who lived in the home, and was a nineteen-year-old medical student in 1882, when she first saw the ghost.  Chris Carter presents her description on page 94:
The figure was that of a tall lady, dressed in black of a soft woolen material, judging from the slight sound in moving.  The face was hidden in a handkerchief held in the right hand.  This was all I noticed then; but on further occasions, when I was able to observe her more closely, I saw the upper part of the left side of the forehead, and a little of the hair above.  Her left hand was nearly hidden by her sleeve and a fold of her dress.  As she held it down a portion of a widow's cuff was visible on both wrists, so that the whole impression was that of a lady in widow's weeds.
The book presents numerous other first-hand accounts, and they are enough to send shivers through the reader.  Rosina also tried experiments, possibly suggested to her by the investigators from the SPR, such as gluing fine strings across the stairway that the lady in black would often descend, but wrote that on at least two occasions the figure passed right through them and that they were later found to be intact upon examination.  Later sightings were also reported by servants who had not been told about the apparition (the family apparently wanted to keep these sightings somewhat private at first, fearing for Rosina's medical career and reputation, and for the value of the property itself). 

They reported that the sightings were most numerous in the months of July and August of 1884, but that they became less frequent and the figure itself less distinct by 1886, and that reports were infrequent after that, ceasing entirely after 1889 or so.

Chris Carter's book provides various possible "materialistic" explanations for this series of events, some of which were offered at the time and some of which have been proposed later, but he points out numerous problems with all of them.  The reader can decide for himself or herself how convincing the evidence is in this case and in the others that are offered in the book.

While I am generally of the opinion that no single data point should be decisive when reaching conclusions about complex and momentous questions, such as the existence of an advanced ancient civilization that upends conventional historical models, or the survival of human consciousness after the death of the body, it is certainly important to examine as much evidence as possible, and the eyewitness accounts of the Cheltenham ghost are a very important series of "data points" in the debate over materialism.

I would again recommend all of Chris Carter's books on the question of consciousness, and that readers keep an open mind about the strong likelihood that our consciousness exists on a plane that is beyond the strictly material. 

The Illusionists (December 2012)
























"The Cage" was the intended pilot to the ground-breaking science fiction series Star Trek, but it was not originally shown prior to the launch of the series and was only aired later after being edited into a sort of "story within a story" that was called "The Menagerie."  However, it can now be seen in its original intended form, without the disruptive and somewhat contrived additional storyline, by purchasing it from various retail outlets on the web, or by watching it on a streaming service such as Netflix, which currently has it available in the "watch instantly" category as the first episode in the first season of the original Star Trek television series (all of the episodes can be viewed in streaming form under "watch instantly" on Netflix).

"The Cage" showcases many of the literary strengths that would mark the classic Star Trek series, including a philosophical examination of important questions of human existence.  In "The Cage," the captain of the Enterprise (in this case, Christopher Pike, Captain Kirk's predecessor) falls into the clutches of the super-intellectual and somewhat amoral denizens of Talos IV, who think nothing of imprisoning "inferior" species in their underground zoo, preferably both a male and a female, trying to find a species that is hardy enough and adaptable enough to serve as slaves for the survival of the Talosians.

The Talosians have developed remarkable powers of illusion, and they believe that by using these powers, they can make captivity pleasant for the humans and their future servitude palatable.  However, as the dismayed leader of the Talosians tells Captain Pike after remotely "assimilating" the records stored on-board the Enterprise:
We had not believed this possible.  The customs and history of your race show a unique hatred of captivity -- even when it's pleasant, and benevolent, you prefer death!  This makes you too violent and dangerous a species for our needs.
The question of whether one would choose "pleasant, and benevolent" captivity will surface again in another classic science-fiction film exploring this issue (and the power of illusion to enslave) -- The Matrix, released in 1999.

"The Cage" was filmed from the end of November through the middle of December, 1964, which means that it was being made at this time, forty-eight years ago.  It is always worthwhile to reflect upon the timeless themes explored in "The Cage" at any time, but it is particularly appropriate now, forty-eight years later, as we enter the portentious month of December, 2012, around which (rightly or wrongly) so much media hype has been built up.  

As I wrote one year ago at this time, in this previous post and also this previous post, I believe that the end of the Maya long-count cycle has more to do with changes in the heavens and the start of a new celestial age -- the "Age of Aquarius," which is the incipient precessional age, although when it officially begins varies depending upon who you ask -- than with cataclysmic destruction on earth.  

If the angle of the earth in relationship to the sun, stars, and planets has an impact on our life on earth (and it clearly does, as the ancients clearly taught and as changes in the tides and changes in the seasons clearly demonstrate), then the advent of a new precessional age (or "new Sun," as the Maya called the successive ages) might presage changes in human behavior and spiritual consciousness, and these changes may well be positive rather than catastrophic (many in fact believe that they will be).

However, the media typically dwells only on the "end of the world" aspect of 2012, with productions such as National Geographic's overly-sensational 2012: Countdown to Armageddon and similar apocalyptic fare. 

The Talosians in "The Cage" were able to use their powers of illusion and suggestion to manipulate the officers and crew of the Enterprise, making them think that their phasers were incapable of blowing a hole in the glass wall of their prison cell, or that a huge laser cannon seen only in that episode was ineffective at blasting through the rocks that guarded the entrance to the underground catacombs.  In one memorable scene, when Captain Pike manages to get his hands around the neck of the leader of the Talosians, the illusionist causes Captain Pike to see a powerful alien monster rather than the scrawny and relatively defenseless Talosian.
















Just knowing that it was an illusion enabled Captain Pike to foil its power, knowing that reality was not what he was being shown.  This is an important principle, because -- while the human race has not yet developed unaided mental powers equal to the illusion-projecting capabilities of the Talosians -- modern technology allows the creation of illusions that might be nearly as convincing as those shown in 1964's "The Cage."  In fact, as we pointed out in a previous post, modern technology in 1938 enabled the broadcast of a radio program that actually convinced some people that earth had been invaded by Mars!

How difficult would it be for some group of modern-day Talosians to use current media or Hollywood technology (which today is far more advanced than anything that the creative producers had in 1938 or 1964) to create panic around an event centered on the prophecy of December 2012?  What kind of influence could the new computer-generated powers of illusion enable, if most people accept uncritically whatever they are shown or told by those "in authority," and never learn to practice their own "due diligence"?  

Captain Pike's actions show that the best way to defuse a powerful illusion is to refuse to go along with it -- even when it appears that one is confronted with overwhelming adversaryforce.  However, if you watch "The Cage" carefully you will also see that even Captain Pike could not defeat the illusionists all by himself -- he had to communicate what was going on to his companions, so that they could resist the illusions as well, and acting together they were able to demonstrate enough resolve to convince their captors that they would resist their enslavement, even to the death if necessary.

These are important themes to consider as we head into the month of December 2012 -- and beyond.

Ancient wisdom and modern raw foodists

































In the Light of Egypt, first published in 1889 and referenced in this previous post, Thomas Burgoyne makes the following statement while examining the connection between the spiritual and material worlds: 
Ask Science how the plant grows, what causes the atoms of matter to build up root, stem, leaf, bud and flower, true to the parent species from which the germinal atom came.  What is there behind the plant that stamps it with such striking individuality?  And why, from the same soil, the deadly aconite and nutritious vegetable can grow, each producing qualities in harmony with its own nature, so widely different in their effects upon the human organism, yet, so completely identical as regards the source from which they appear to springvolume 2, page 58.
He then goes on to quote the work of Scottish agricultural chemist James Finlay Weir Johnson (1796 - 1855), who in his Chemistry of Common Life wrote:
How interesting it is to reflect on the minuteness of the organs by which the largest plants are fed and sustained.  Microscopic apertures in the leaf suck in gaseous food from the air; the surfaces of microscopic hairs suck a liquid food from the soil.  We are accustomed to admire, with natural and just astonishment, how huge, rocky reefs, hundreds of miles in length, can be built up by the conjoined labors of myriads of minute zoophytes, laboring together on the surface of a coral rock; but it is not less wonderful that, by the ceaseless working of similar microscopic agencies in leaf and root, the substance of vast forests should be built up and made to grow before our eyes.  It is more wonderful, in fact; for whereas, in the one case, the chief result is that dead matter extracted from the sea is transformed into a dead rock; in the other, the lifeless matter of the earth and air are converted by these minute plant-builders into living forms, lifting their heads aloft to the sky, waving with every wind that blows, and beautifying whole continents with the varying verdure of their ever-changing leaves.  59.
This is remarkable to consider -- where, for instance, does the mighty sequoia draw the matter that turns it from a tiny seed into an enormous tree, the largest tree by volume on earth?  All that matter was somehow transmuted from soil into living plant, tens of thousands of cubic feet in volume.  

We can readily see why Thomas Burgoyne chose to ask his readers to ponder this mystery as he explores the connection between the material and the spiritual.  Pointing out that the same soil can be transmuted into two different plants of very different characteristics -- that the same soil can, in fact, produce a plant of deadly poison and right next to it a plant bearing nourishing vegetables -- he asserts that the plant is expressing in the material plane a spiritual reality, the force which rearranges the inorganic molecules drawn from the soil into the organic molecules of the tree:
We know that the plant, being the physical expression upon the material plane of a more interior life, endows its outward atoms with their peculiar qualities.  These qualities are not drawn directly from the soil; the soil only becoming the medium for their complete or incomplete expression, as the case may be; i.e., supplying the necessary inorganic atoms.   Hence, the deadly qualities of aconite, and the generous life-sustaining qualities of the nutritious vegetable, being spiritual life-endowments, conveyed to the material substance, abstracted from the soil and withdrawn from the atmosphere, are no mystery; their effect upon the human organism being exactly that, which is produced by their spiritual affinity or antipathy, as the case may be.  And this also shows and explains, why purely inorganic chemical atoms, though they be exactly the same as the organic substances, from a strictly scientific standpoint, yet fail to support life, because such chemical equivalents lack the organic spirituality of the interior life, which alone gives them the power and function to support the same.  61.
From the above series of assertions, Mr. Burgoyne then makes an interesting application:  
Vegetables, fresh from the ground, or parent stem, retain this life if at once prepared for food, if not overcooked, which is so often ignorantly done.  This is the secret of sustenance from foods.  Nature's perfected fruits and vegetables are overflowing with the life-giving essences, and, if eaten direct from the tree or parent stem, that life is not lost, but transmitted to our organisms, and replenishes the wasting system with a living life.  Much less of such food is required to completely satisfy and nourish the body than if the life had partly departed or been destroyed.  61.
So, these metaphysical reflections on the relationship between the material and spiritual led Mr. Burgoyne to publish an assertion back in the 1800s with which modern "raw foodists" can readily agree.  He cautions us against overcooking, "which is so often ignorantly done," and to strive to consume fresh fruits and vegetables "direct from the tree or parent stem," before they are "too long severed from the medium which transmits the spiritual life."

Widespread awareness of the health benefits of consuming a higher percentage of "raw food" (or even 100% raw food) is a relatively new phenomenon.  Raw food advocates often define "raw" in terms corresponding to this definition found in Going Raw, by Judita Wignall: "Raw food is fresh, whole food that has not been refined, chemically processed, or heated above118o F (48o C), so its nutritional content is preserved" (11).  

The benefits claimed for consuming more plant-based foods in their raw state often include less nutrient loss and less formation of various harmful substances and toxins that can be produced when foods are heated to higher temperatures.  This previous post, for instance, cited evidence that heating certain vegetable oils can cause them to become oxidized or rancid, and to release free radicals that can be harmful to the human body.  Many of the vegetable oils that have become standard in the "modern western diet" since the Second World War (but which were rarely used in cooking prior to that time) fall into this category.

Interestingly, the benefits that raw food advocates usually cite are mainly "material" (as opposed to "spiritual" or "metaphysical"), but  based on the important discussion by Thomas Burgoyne above, we might conclude that the most critical reason to increase the consumption of fresh, uncooked fruits and vegetables in the diet is beyond the purview of traditional science and can be said to be "spiritual" in nature.

While the raw diet may be perceived as "extreme," Judita Wignall points out that one does not have to commit to eating all food raw in order to increase the consumption of fresh uncooked fruits and vegetables:
You don't need to be a vegetarian or vegan to go raw, nor do you need to be 100 percent raw to reap many of the diet's benefits.  Any amount of raw food is beneficial, but try to aim for a 50 percent raw diet to feel a notable difference.  Think about it this way: If you just add a smoothie to your morning routine and a salad before lunch and dinner, you're already there!  21.
This would appear to be yet another area in which long-suppressed ancient knowledge can be seen to have extremely practical and daily application to our lives.

The AstroTheology videos of Santos Bonacci




I did not discover the encyclopedic teaching of Santos Bonacci until very recently, when I heard his interview on Red Ice Radio from September 09 of this year (and I did not hear it on the day it was published either, but not until about a month later).

Here is a link to hour 1 of that interview -- I would strongly recommend becoming a member of the Red Ice (cost is €15 per month, and their website will do the currency conversion for you when you set up payments through a system such as PayPal), because that gives you access to the second hour of that interview as well as all the others, and access to the extensive archive of interviews on Red Ice.

After listening to his September 2012 interview, I immediately looked for other interviews and videos with Santos on YouTube, and he has an incredibly extensive corpus of work posted for anyone to view and study, which he graciously makes available to everyone for no charge.  The first lecture I found was the one embedded above, but you can find many more at his website which is called Universal Truth School, as well as on his YouTube channel, which is called "MrAstroTheology."


Not only is he a gifted teacher and speaker, but he brings together a vast array of philosophers and authors both ancient and modern and explains their teachings using clear charts and drawings and analogies.


Regular readers of this blog will immediately see the resonance with subject matter that I find incredibly important as well as fascinating, particularly any of the posts related to subject matter discussed in Hamlet's Mill.  To find previous posts on this blog related to Hamlet's Mill and its examination of the connection between the ancient myths and the stars, you can use the search window in the upper-left corner, or use the "labels" at the bottom of any post that has "Hamlet's Mill" as a label (including this post).  


Many readers have noted that Hamlet's Mill can be a painfully difficult read, in part because the authors seem to be deliberately reluctant to completely tell the reader what they are up to (which may not be such a bad policy when it comes to this subject, and certainly has some ancient precedent).  I can now say with great certainty that any reader interested in the subject matter of Hamlet's Mill should first listen to some of the video lectures by Santos Bonacci, which can be seen as an indispensable key to the material that authors Giorgio de Santillana and Hertha von Dechend presented in that 1969 text.


But Santos goes much further than de Santillana and von Dechend to show how the ancient knowledge of the heavens encoded in the myths relates to the human body, the health of the human body, the system of chakras in the human body, and the metaphysical aspects of human consciousness that are of crucial importance to every human being (and which harmonize quite well with some of the conclusions reached by Chris Carter in his excellent trilogy of books examining human consciousness, especially the conclusions Chris reaches at the end of his third book in the series, Science and the Afterlife Experience).   


In doing so, Santos shows that he is standing in the tradition of the guardians and transmitters of  Hermetic wisdom down through the ages, many of whose works he references as primary sources, and from whose words he sometimes reads for the listeners in his videos.  His clear and systematic explanations bring out the body of knowledge behind some of the concepts discussed in some of my own previous posts, such as "The high science of ancient Egypt" and "Modern research into 'body rhythms,' and the ancient concept of 'cosmic harmony'."  In other words, he shows the whole foundation underlies the subject matter touched on in those posts, showing "the whole forest" (so to speak) which helps make better sense of a discussion of any "individual tree" or group of trees inside that forest.

In doing so, and in presenting his clear and thorough lectures on this ancient wisdom, Santos has given us an incredible gift and an indispensable resource.  His is an example of the "unselfish benevolence" that one of his favorite authors, Thomas Burgoyne (1855 - 1894), speaks of in the sixth chapter of the second volume of The Light of Egypt: The Science of the Soul and the Stars (first published in 1889; that link takes you to Volume 2 and you can read Volume 1 online here).  There, on page 51 of Volume 2, Burgoyne wrote:

dollars must not be buried nor hoarded any more than our talents, but each unfolded and doubled, so that we may be instrumental in helping our coworkers in their upward path, in the Cycle of Necessity.  Knowledge is the basic foundation in reading Nature's language.
We should all seek to be so unselfish!  




Chia and ancient wisdom




































Some of the most brilliant constellations in the entire night sky now grace the eastern portion of the heavens in the hours after sunset and before midnight.  Even with a dazzling full moon taking place right now, the constellations of Orion and Gemini are clearly visible, and even some of the stars of Taurus such as red Aldebaran and bright Jupiter, in spite of the fact that the moon is currently right next to the Hyades. 

Even with the moon shining at full force, you can follow a nearly direct line from Orion to the Twins of Gemini, using his famous belt as a starting point and proceeding through reddish Betelgeuse in his shoulder (to the left of the belt as he rises in the northern hemisphere) towards the brightest foot of Gemini which is gamma Geminorum or Alhena and then (still moving along the same nearly horizontal line) to the two heads of Gemini, the bright stars Castor and Pollux (clearly visible even with the moon).

As the moon begins to wane over the upcoming nights, and as it also rises later and later each night, the spectacular stars of Orion and Gemini will become even more prominent in the pre-midnight sky.  

As has already been discussed in several previous posts, Gemini and Orion are extremely important in ancient myth, and de Santillana and von Dechend suggest in Hamlet's Mill that the Age of Gemini (in which Gemini and also Orion occupied the pre-dawn horizon at the rise of the March equinox sun).  

As they also mention, and as is explained in greater detail in my book, the equinoctial intersection of the ecliptic with the celestial horizon was encoded in mythology as blazing fire (and sometimes depicted as upright or downturned torches, as in the iconography of Mithraic temples).  Based on this understanding, they argue that the constellation described by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499 - 1590), a Franciscan friar who lived among the Mexica and learned their language and helped preserve their traditions, as the mamalhuaztli (which he notes were also called the "fire sticks") is none other than Gemini, the equinoctial constellation of the Golden Age (321 and footnote on 321, and following).

The Mexica people are often referred to as the Aztecs, although some scholars now assert that this is not necessarily accurate (see this discussion of terminology, and of the historical context of Sahagun's texts preserving the traditions of the peoples of Mexico during the 1500s).  It is fascinating to note that they may have associated Gemini with "fire sticks," particularly in light of the discussion that follows in Hamlet's Mill regarding the association of Gemini with "fire sticks" in the ancient Sumerian and Babylonian epic of Gilgamesh.   

How did two cultures so widely separated come up with the same mythological imagery?  Conventional historians will tell us that it was just a "coincidence."  However, I have discussed some very powerful connections to Gilgamesh (also involving Gemini!) among the legends and traditions of the Mesoamerican peoples in previous posts, and we have also seen numerous other pieces of evidence that strongly suggest that the conventional isolationist view is completely incorrect.

The texts preserved by Friar Bernardino de Sahagun also relate the importance of the chia plant as a source of food among the ancient peoples of Mesoamerica.  The diagram above is from the Florentine Codex, and it depicts a mature chia plant.  The portion of the codex which discusses chia can be seen here in this section of Book 11, from a 1965 copy prepared by the US Department of Agriculture.  There we read of chia:
It is hard, juicy, oily.  It is in twos.  It is that which can be broken up, that which fills out.  It is tasty, savory.  It is that of which pinole is made.  It is potable.
Although the pre-Columbian civilizations of Mesoamerica obviously knew of chia many hundreds of years ago, it is only recently being discovered by modern civilizations, primarily among athletes and healthy-food afficionados (so far).  

Chia seeds apparently have a very high concentration of omega-3 fatty acids -- even higher than that found in salmon.  Here is a recent article on the nutritional properties of chia seeds published earlier this year.

Chia sprouts have been famous for some time as the green hair that grows on "chia pets," which first hit stores in the late 1970s and grew into something of a craze in the early 1980s.  Chia sprouts can also be grown for food.  Mark M. Braunstein's outstanding sprouting guide book Sprout Garden discusses chia on page 69, grouped along with cress, flax and psyllium:
These four mucilaginous seed successfully sprout alone only with the clay Saucer Method.  Consult the instructions on pages 41-43 for a definitive discussion.
They will sprout by the otherwise trustworthy Jar Method only if combined in a portion of one part mucilaginous seed to four or five parts alfalfa or clover.  Sprout the alfalfa or clover a day or two alone, add the mucilaginous seeds, and continue sprouting as you would alfalfa.
Interestingly enough, this is somewhat similar to the ancient method described by Sahagun's Mesoamerican sources.  If you are interested in trying it for yourself, you can order chia seeds for sprouting at Sprout House, as well as at many other seed outlets.

This blog makes no dietary recommendations or nutritional claims -- that is up to each reader to decide for himself or herself.  However, going out to view the constellations (particularly Gemini and Orion this time of year) every night is highly recommended, as is considering the ancient wisdom that was apparently disseminated worldwide and preserved in the sacred texts and traditions of the world's far-flung cultures.


A better emergency solar still?





Last year, I wrote a couple of posts about "Books that influenced me growing up."  

One of the books discussed was a copy of a US Air Force survival manual that my Dad bought for me at the Redwood Trading Post and which became one of my favorite books to browse, skipping around from one climatic region to another (it was organized by climatic regions, with sections on specific survival considerations for "moist tropics," "deserts," "on sea ice," and so forth).

Like many survival books, that Air Force manual contained a discussion of the design of a "solar still" for obtaining water in a survival situation.  I would later receive training on the construction of just such a solar still during the desert phase of the US Army's Ranger School (apparently the desert phase has since been discontinued).

The Air Force manual describes the construction of the solar still as follows (as we will see, there are some improvements that can be made to this technique, but the directions below give a good overview of the general concept and contain a few good tips):
A solar still can be made from a sheet of clear plastic stretched over a hole in the ground.  Whatever moisture is in the soil plus that from plant parts (fleshy stems and leaves) when they are used as a supplementary source, will be extracted and collected by this emergency device.  Obviously, where the soil is extremely dry and no fleshy plants are available, little, if any, water can be obtained from the still.  However, in such situations, the still can be used to purify polluted water such as body wastes.  The parts for the still are a piece of plastic film about six feet square, a water collector-container or any waterproof material from which a collector-container can be fashioned, and a piece of plastic tubing about 1/4 inch in diameter and 4 to 6 feet long.  The tubing is not essential, but makes the still easier to use. 

A container can be made from such material as plastic, aluminum foil, poncho, emergency ration tins, or a flight helmet.  The tubing, when it is available, is to be fastened to the bottom of the inside of the container and used to remove the drinking water from the container without disturbing the plastic film. 

Some plastics work better than others.  Almost any clear plastic film should work, if it is clear, strong, and "wettable."  That is, it should be the kind which, when water drops form on the under side, causes the drops to cling to the plastic and run down to drip into the container instead of dropping off where they form.  

If fleshy plants are available, or if polluted water is to be purified, the still can be constructed in any convenient spot where it will receive direct sunlight throughout the day.  Ease of digging will be the main consideration.  If soil moisture is to be the only source of water, some sites will be better than others.  Seek a place where there is reason to believe the soil will contain more moisture.  A stream bed, even though dry, or a depression where rain water has collected will stay moist longer than other areas.  Generally clay soil is better than sand because it holds more water longer.  (In any case, after prolonged dry periods the yield from any soil alone may be small).  Although sand generally does not retain as much moisture as clay, a wet sand will work very well.  Along the sea coast or in any inland area where brackish or polluted water is available, any wet soil, even sand, produces usable amounts of water.  On cloudy days, the yield will be reduced because direct sunlight is necessary if the still is to operate at full efficiency.

Certain precautions must be kept in mind.  If you use polluted water, make sure that none is spilled near the rim of the hold where the plastic touches the soil and that none comes in contact with the container, otherwise there is a chance that your freshly distilled water will be contaminated.

Do not disturb the plastic sheet during daylight "working hours" unless it is absolutely necessary.  If a plastic drinking tube is not available, raise the plastic sheet and remove the container as few times as possible during daylight hours.  It takes from 1/2 to 1 hour for the air in the still to become resaturated and the collection of water to begin again after the plastic has been disturbed.  [AFM 64-3 dated 15 August 1969, pages 4-13 through 4-14].

Some time ago, I came across a web site containing an entry by a "Jim B." discussing several revolutionary upgrades to this standard solar still, some of which take into account the importance of orienting the still in the correct direction based on your location on our planet.  In a post entitled "The Extreme Solar Still Concept," Jim describes some of the drawbacks of the classic survival still and the upgrades he came up with for his version, which he calls a "D'still" and which may improve water collected by as much as 400% over the conventional version.

Jim alters the shape of the original still to resemble a seashell when viewed from above, with the catchment container located towards the base of the shell rather than right in the center the way it is in the conventional still described by the Air Force manual above.  Here is a link to his diagram of the top view of his enhanced still, showing the seashell shape (east and west appear to be mistakenly reversed in that diagram, unless I am misreading something of the intent of the labels).

Importantly, he recommends orienting the top of the "seashell" towards the north (for those in the northern hemisphere), in order to arrange the larger slope area towards the sunshine.  To understand the reasoning behind this concept, it is helpful to look at Jim's second diagram, which is a cutaway or side view of his still.  

Due to the tilt of the earth's axis (see the discussion in this previous post for more detail), the sun will always travel south of an observer who is located north of the Tropic of Cancer (the northern tropic).  The enhanced still features a large, gentle sloping northern section (the top part of the shell), which is oriented to face the south and catch full force of the sun's rays (see also the diagram below, where I have drawn my own version of the cut-away view).




The enhanced still also features a steeper berm at the southern end, which casts a shadow over the catchment portion of the tarp and the shelf below that holds the water-container.  By orienting the still with the shell's top facing north (if north of the northern tropic, otherwise face it south if south of the southern tropic -- if between the two tropics, you will have to orient the "top of the shell" away from the track of the sun for that particular time of year), the sun's path will create this shade if you use spoil to build up the southern berm as shown in the diagram.  Jim's diagram shows (and his article explains) that you can also pile up additional vegetation atop this southern berm in order to ensure shade over the condensing area.

The rest of the article explains the other features of the enhanced solar still, including the addition of some cool (preferably moist) soil above the weighting rock which holds the tarp's lowest point above the catchment container. In order to understand the entire concept of the enhanced or "extreme" solar still (or "D'still") it is recommended that you read that entire article -- and even better, go out and try constructing one yourself just for practice.

We can all hope that we never need to resort to a solar still in an emergency survival situation.  However, if ever we do, we can be grateful to "Jim B." for his ingenious enhancements to the classic solar still design.